4. Explain various types of revolutions, that took place in Agriculture
after Independence in India. How have these revolutions helped in poverty
alleviation and food security in India? (150 words) 10 M
- Ans. During the period before 1960s, India was suffering from frequent famines, large import of food grains and poor economic condition of farmers. But the situation got changed after the arrival of first green revolution in India. This revolution
- significantly increased the food production in India especially in the field of wheat, rice and sugarcane.
- India transformed from a food scarce country to a food surplus one. It had improved the situation of food security as well as of farmers.
- After this revolution, other agriculture related revolution occurred in the field of horticulture crops and oil seeds. During these periods, the land under horticulture and oil seeds cultivation has increased and their growth rate outperformed the growth rate in cereals.
- These crops are high revenue fetching one and directly related to the food processing industries. So, they increased the farmer's income and improved the economic condition of the farmers.
- Now, after the 11th Five Year Plan under the name of Rainbow Revolution, the 2nd Green Revolution has started. It mainly focused on the crops and regions which were left in the first.
- It also included the extension of Green Revolution to the North-Eastern states of India.
- The performance of this revolution is yet to be analysed at a large scale but it has the potential to further increase food security as well as farmer's income in India.