Write brief notes on each of the following in about 20 words each
- Contributions of Latika Ghosh to the Freedom Struggle
- Bhai Maharaj Singh as a Freedom Fighter
- Illbert Bill
- Vaikom Satyagraha :
Contributions of Latika Ghosh to the Freedom Struggle
She was an Oxford educated scholar and the secretary of Mahila Rashtriya Sangha (MRS). She worked in close connection with the Congress and enrolled 300 women students in her mission by 1928.
Bhai Maharaj Singh as a Freedom Fighter
He was a nationalist spiritual Sikh leader, known as the First Freedom Fighter of India who took up weapons against the British Rule in 1847 after the first Anglo-Sikh War.
Illbert Bill :
It was tabled by Illbert on 2nd February, 1883 in Legislative Council. It aimed at giving powers to Indian judges to try the case of an European and was opposed by Europeans.
Lala Hardayal :
He was the founder member of the Ghadar Party, formed by Indian revolutionaries in the USA. He also founded Hindi Association in Portland in 1913. He was a great scholar of Sanskrit and Philosophy.
Vaikom Satyagraha :
He was started on 30th March, 1924. The Satyagraha was started to establish the right for all people to walk through the temple roads. Leader like KP Kesava Menon and JK Madhavan led the agitation.
Indian States Commission :
After Independence, Indian States Commission was set up in 1953. Headed by Fazal Ali, this committee recommended for formation of states on linguistic basis. It defines the relationship between British empire and the princely states of India.
Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai :
Annadurai Popularly known as Anna, he founded the Dravida Kazhagam in 1944 and later Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in 1949.
Jatiya Sarkar of Tamluk
National government was established for few days in Tamluk of Midnapur district of Bengal during the Quit India Movement of 1942.
Al-hilal :
This Urdu journal was published by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
Khudai Khitmatgar:
They were also known as the 'Red Shirts' and was an organisation founded by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in North-Western Frontier during Non-Cooperation Movement.
WW Hunter :
He appointed the Royal Commission in 1882-83 to review the progress of education in India and comprehensive statistical survey of India.
Indu Lal Yagnik :
He was a famous peasant leader during the freedom movement. He was associated with the establishment of All India Peasant Association of 1936.
Jayprakash Narayan :
He was a socialist leader who led underground revolutionary activities during the Quit India Movement of 1942.
Punnapra Vayalar
The leader of anti-monarchist revolutionary peasants in the princely state of Travancore against the oppression of Dewan CP Ramaswami and his tactics not to join the Indian union (1946-47).
Chamber of Commerce:
The Government of British India solely constituted it for the princes of princely states in India.
Divide et Impera :
It is a Latin word, which means divide and rule. It was a policy adopted by the British to keep Indians divided on social and religious lines so as to diminish any challenge to their authority.
The first such attempt was made by Dalhousie through his 'Doctrine of Lapse' policy.
Dandi March:
It was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram to break the Salt Law. It marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Satyagraha :
It is the weapon of Gandhian mode of mass struggle. Literally, it means a search for truth and using truth as a force for non-violent struggle against the British's oppressive policy.
Ghadar Party:
It was a revolutionary organisation founded outside India in 1913. It had its branches in USA, Europe, Singapore etc. It was instrumental in highlighting Komatagaru incident and aimed at inciting armed rebellion in India.
Jamnalal Bajaj :
He was an industrialist who came under Gandhian influence. He was the life long treasurer of the Congress from 1920 onwards and President at its Nagpur Session (1921). He established Satyagraha Ashram, Gandhi Seva Sangha, Gau Seva Sangha, etc.
Pupul Jayakar :
A former Vice President of Indian Council for Cultural Relations (1982), She was behind the festivals of India organised in London, Paris and America lasting several months in the early 1980s and the 'Apna Utsav (our festival)'.
Mohammed Iqbal:
A reputed Urdu and Parsi author, he composed `Sare Jahan Se Acchha'. Though a nationalist, but in his later stage, he became a propagator of the idea of Pakistan.
T Prakasham :
He was known as Andhra Kesari, became the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. As a freedom fighter, he was instrumental in anti-Simon agitation, he edited the journal `Swarajya'.
Ali Brothers:
Mohammed Ali and Shaukat All were leaders of Khilafat Movement of 1919. They established 'Anjuman-e-Kabha'. They were supporters of Hindu-Muslim unity and were important leaders during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Rammanohar Lohia :
The famous socialist leader and freedom fighter, he played the role of an opposition leader during the first quarter of Independence.
Henry Cotton :
He was the President at the 1904 Congress Session of Bombay. He was the author of the book 'New India'.
Tej Bahadur Sapru:
He was an associate of Annie Besant, instrumental in founding Benaras Hindu College, co-founder of Benaras Hindu University, related to Home Rule Movement and Nehru Committee Report. He took part in all the three Round Table Conferences.
Bhulabhai Desai:
He was the leader of the Congress Party in Central Legislature. He signed the Desai-Liaqat Ali Pact of 1943 and headed the defence counsels in a trial.
Bandi Jiwan:
The book is written by Sachindranath Sanyal, who was a revolutionary nationalist. It is based on his experiences during his `Kalapani' at cellular jail.
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan :
He was also known as Frontier Gandhi, participated in the non-cooperation from the North-Western Frontier Province. He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar or Red Shirts. He was awarded 'Bharat Ratna'.
S Satyamurti :
A freedom fighter who is famous as the torchbearer of South India. He died in jail during the Quit India Movement.
Sarojini Naidu:
Famous as the 'Nightingale of India', she was the first Indian woman President of Congress at the Kanpur Session of 1925.
Uddham Singh:
The revolutionary, who in London killed Sir Michael 0' dyer, then Governor of Punjab who conducted the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Rowlatt Act:
The Act was passed in 1919. It was the major cause of Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Under it, anyone was to be arrested and put behind bars for indefinite period without any trial.
August Declaration:
It was brought about by Montague outlining the British interest to establish liberal rule in India. It was a predecessor to development of institutions of self-government.
Surat split:
At the 1907 Congress Session, at Surat, the Congress split into two factions as moderates and extremists.
Midnapur :
This place in West Bengal witnessed the establishment of national government during the Quit India Movement, under K P Keshavan.
Shyamaji Krishnavarma:
He established Indian Home Rule Society in London in 1905, later named it as India House. He edited the journal 'Indian Sociologist'.
Rani Gaidinliu:
The great freedom fighter from Manipur, she was given the title 'Rani' by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Saifuddin Kitchlew :
He was a freedom fighter from Punjab. He was a prominent figure in Non-Cooperation Movement and Anti-Rowlatt Satyagraha. He founded the World Peace Forum in 1950.