Air masses are large bodies of slow moving air extending up to troposphere and cover a large area. Their characterizes are dependent upon the surface, latitudinal position, size and speed.
They acquire a distinct identity by their humidity, orgin and movement.
They are classified based on,
- Latitudinal origination - Arctic, Tropical, Equatorial, Antarctic,etc.
- Continental air mass/ Oceanic air mass.
They have huge impact on the macro – climate of region. Air masses cause,
Desertification:
They cause arid conditions when dry air mass is present in a region. Sahel region of Africa is impacted by this.
Precipitation:
The Monsoon trough present in North India is an important factor in attracting the south west monsoon winds. The creation of this trough is aided by Tibetan plateau.
Frontal Precipitation – when warn air mass and cold air mass come in contact frontal precipitation occurs. It is widely witnessed in temperate region.
The Air masses when pass through warm water or currents acquire their moisture and cause rainfall in coastal regions.
Cyclonic and Anticyclone conditions:
Air masses also significantly impact them. Cyclonic rainfall is prevalent is Temperate region but not as destructive tropical cyclones.
Thus air masses play a significant role is influencing macro-climate of a region.
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