Q.12 What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. [3.5+9=12.5 marks]

Q.12 What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. [3.5+9=12.5 marks]

Regionalism is a psychological phenomenon, wherein a sense of collective identity is derived on the basis of region. It is because of natural affinity we have upon language and culture. Various factors have been cited as the reason for growth and spread of regionalism.  

• Modernization theory - it states regionalism as the reaction of Indian traditionalism to modernization.
• Uneven development theory - it stakes that regionalism is caused by economic disparities and cultural anxieties . When a particular region  people feel deprived of the benefits of development they assert their uniqueness. Eg. Telangana movement.
• Culture of scarcity model - when a particular group feels that they are falling behind in comparison to the rest of the nation. eg. North East States.
• Culture of affluence - sudden rise in prosperity of a particular region can create a sense of uniqueness and exclusivism. Eg. Khalistan movement was provided fresh  impetus by the rising prosperity due to Green Revolution.
• Identity crisis, demand for inner line permit by certain North East States to assert their cultural identity.
• Son of soil theory - regional tensions are excited by certain section of the community who believe that the native population should be given preferential treatment compared to outsiders.
• Politics of opposition
• Dichotomies of culture

Scholars have concluded that regionalism per se is not a worry to India. They suggest it must be treated as a crisis of development and not a crisis of Nationalism. In India, the general pattern that is observed is that of

Cultural assertion

↓

Demand for secession

↓

Settlement for Greater autonomy and devolution

These numerous factors also contribute to regionalism apart from development deficit.

Civic nationalism can be brought about by,

• Inclusive and balanced economic growth
• Decentralised planning and stakeholder participation.
• Strengthening grassroots democracy.
• Strengthening the culture of Human Rights.
• Adopting a multi-cultural development model.