Marx in his early works delves into the idea of true freedom. Is unsatisfied with another interpretation given to freedom in liberals capitalistic society. Marx feels that market forces have constraint freedom. He analyses the capitalistic system and concludes that capitalism destroys human nature and alienates man from himself.
Marx considered that what makes us human and we love to do work. Work allows some Man to
- Express his creativity
- Earn his livelihood
- To grow and flourish
Marx calls this as species essence .With his work man is able to contribute and connect with the society. But in capitalistic mode of production man is forced to work for wages. Marx concludes that this causes alienation.
- Alienation from the product
In capitalistic workers produce for the sake of market. They are not connected with the product that they produce. After paying metre wages to the workers Bourgeoisie claim ownership over the product.
- Alienation from the process / labour
Since capitalist mode of production relies on work specialisation and distribution,every individual is assigned a very small specific role. Workers do not have a say in purpose , design and distribution of the product. Market forces determine,
- what is to be produced,
- how it is to be produced and
- how much is to be produced
Workers have no power and are forced to work for their subsistence. They work is monotonous, hectic, tedious, boring and less remunerative jobs which they do not like. He feels that this has destroyed the worker. Marx concludes that man is reduced to a ‘cog in a wheel’.
- Alienation from others
Since man is alienated from his product and Labour he is not able to connect with the society. Workers vision is narrowed to that of wages. Every man is encouraged to look out for himself. He is told to compete and aggrandize as much as he can.
Thus man loses the narrative of common good and ends up losing one another.
- Alienation from self
Marx believe that human are creative and social. Since capitalistic system makes man to act against his nature man gets alienated from himself. Our sense of individualism is destroyed. Man feels that he is not in control of his life.
Marx interpretation of human nature and alienation is relevant even today. Most wanted man to be free from necessities. He believed that society should full fill ands basic needs. He gave the dictum from each according to his capacity and to each according to his need.
Modern Welfare state incorporates safety provisions to balance the evil effects of market fundamentalism. Further advancing the Marxian narrative of freedom from necessities, Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen has advocated that man can only be truly free when he is capable of achieving His true potential. He advocates State's active participation in capacity building for individuals to actualize their true self.
Plz provide source for this...i want to read in depth abt it
ReplyDeleteI have relied mainly on Subhra Ranjan mam notes and some reference from internet.
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