In this article we will discuss whether there is a need to adopt Genetically Modified (GM) crops and look at the benefits of organic farming.
GM crops need a robust regulatory mechanism so that we can reap their while avoiding the concomitant risks. Cartagena protocol, part of convection on biological Diversity (CBD) deals with bio safety related to GM crops. In India, the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is responsible for appraisals of proposals relating to release of Genetically Engineered (GE) organisms and products in to the environment including experimental trials. India needs to enact a comprehensive law on bio safety taking a holistic view and ensuring checks and balances.
The experiences with BT cotton and BT Brinjal have been mixed. There has been diminishing return from BT cotton with many experts expressing doubts about the veracity of Mosnanto’s claims. There has been an increasing opinion that the same efficiency could be achieved by medallion breeding.
Organic farming can be successful if
- Farmers have animals to produce organic manure
- Farmers have capability to control pests and diseases
- Farmers adopt ergonomic methods of sowing such as rotation of crops.
Successful practice of organic farming has been done at farms in Pillaiyarkuppam near Puducherry, started by Sri Aruobindo Ashram.
The government has launched Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana to support and promote organic farming and thereby improve soil health. It aims to reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to improve yields and instead utilize natural resources. The scheme is a component of soil health management. It aims for integrated manure management as well as crop-livestock integration.